Racism and Discrimination in to Kill a Mockingbird Essay

Racism and Discrimination as the theme in To Kill A Mockingbird To Kill a Mockingbird written by Harper Lee is a Pulitzer Prize winning novel, that offers a view of life through a young girl’s eyes. The novel is focused on two main themes which are racism and discrimination. Racism is probably the biggest theme of the novel. It comes in as an open and subtle manner that is being displayed through speeches and actions. Racism in Maycomb takes mainly the form of having white people against black people. There are many people in Maycomb that are racist because they think of Negroes are a disgraced race and are mostly unreliable and untrustworthy. The speeches and actions are the most common forms of racism however the layout of the†¦show more content†¦Despite the similarities, racism is slightly different to discrimination which will be the next theme being discussed next. Discrimination is the main focus of this novel. Racism may seem like the only form of discrimination present but there are many other varieties such as being outcast and ostracized. The Maycomb society in To Kill a Mockingbird finds it hard to accept people that are different from the average standard of the community. The people that do not fit in with the society are often cast out and demonized over time. The prime example of this in the novel is Arthur Radley. Arthur had an unfortunate history. He was â€Å"aquainted with some of the Cunninghams (pg 10)† in his teens and eventually ended up in court charged with disorderly conduct. He could not be locked up with Negroes because the Negroes could not cope with him so he ended up in the court-house basement for a period of time. He was eventually released but remained locked up by being â€Å"chained to the bed most of the time (pg12)† back at home by Mr. Radley. Since Arthur was absent from the Maycomb community, he was eventually condemned and known as the â€Å"malevolent phantom (pg9)† who â€Å"went out at night when the moon was high and peeped in windows (pg)† of the Maycomb people. â€Å"When people’s azaleas froze in a cold snap, it was because he breathed on them.Show MoreRelatedRacism, Injustice, and Discrimination in Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird800 Words   |  4 PagesRacism, Injustice, and Discrimination in Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird According to Shackleford, â€Å"The novel portrays a young girls love for her father and brother and the experience of childhood during the Great Depression in a racist, segregated society, which uses superficial and materialistic values to judge outsiders, including the powerful character Boo Radley† (Shackelford). The main character relates closely with her father because he is the superior role model in her life. Having herRead MoreAnalysis Of Harper Lee s Kill A Mockingbird 1491 Words   |  6 PagesHarper Lee’s ​ To Kill a Mockingbird ​ is a critically acclaimed, Pulitzer Prize winning novel that instantly attained its position as one of the greatest literary classics (Editors).The story of Scout Finch’s childhood has become one of the most notable narratives that addresses controversial issues present in the early 20th century. Lee’s novel depicts themes of race, justice, and innocence throughout the novel. Although ​ To Kill a Mockingbird​ is regarded as a literary masterpiece in AmericanRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird vs a Raisin in the Sun1396 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent authors, who wrote two very different works. To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel about how prejudice and discrimination can lead to an innocent man being convicted of a crime he didn’t commit just because of his skin color. A Raisin in the Sun is a play about how the value of a family can overcome racism in a new town and allow a family to prosper, even in the worst conditions. However, both of these works deal with racism and discrimination in similar ways. Conversely, Harper Lee, being a whiteRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Racism : Segregation And Violence1400 Words   |  6 PagesEffects of Racism: Segregation and Violence Racial discrimination affects many minority groups and this issue still occurs to this day. Racial discrimination is the act of treating others differently because of the color of their skin. Although there have been laws placed to prohibit racial discrimination, racism still occurs and continues to have many negative effects to minority groups today. The negative effects of racial discrimination are discussed in the fiction novel, To Kill a Mockingbird by HarperRead MoreThe South : Controversial Topics On Harper Lee s Kill A Mockingbird1475 Words   |  6 Pagesin Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird is a critically acclaimed, Pulitzer Prize winning novel that instantly attained its position as one of the greatest literary classics (Editors).The story of Scout Finch’s childhood has become one of the most notable narratives that addresses controversial issues present in the early 20th century. Lee’s novel depicts themes of race, justice, and innocence throughout the novel. Although To Kill a Mockingbird is regarded as a literaryRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird: Discrimination Essay873 Words   |  4 PagesDiscrimination is prevalent in the story â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird†, the most obvious being the excessive amount of racism (Lee). Racism is the easiest to see but there are more forms of discrimination (Lee). Boo Radley is ostracized from the community when truly nobody really knows him (Lee). People discriminate Scout for being a tomboy not a lady (Lee). The last one that no one ever thinks about is how reverse racism is seen when people threaten Atticus for defending Tom Robinson in court (Lee)Read MoreRacism, Racism And Discrimination1366 Words   |  6 PagesRacism and discrimination, with or without recognition or existence of the label that is tied to itself, has always been a large part of society that can be dated all the way back to the Fall of Man. It is apparent in books, such as To Kill a Mockingbird, and is expressed throughout the world today. In the early 1900s, racial discrimination was still very prominent, but has slowly digressed until recent years where it has taken new forms. The historical context, the distinguished novel To Kill aRead MoreRacism And Critical Disposition Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1415 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of Racism and Critical Disposition in Maycomb County Racism was a tremendous issue in Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird. It was applied throughout the novel and was increasingly used to judge others in Maycomb’s society. Racism was revealed through the novel to characters Jem, Scout, and Dill who were young children that were learning about the good and evil in the small town they lived in. Racism was a constant and significant topic. There were many aspects that contributed to racism and provedRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee913 Words   |  4 PagesIn Defense of To Kill A Mockingbird Rough Draft To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee has been banned and/or challenged over thirty times since its publication in 1960. Effectively preventing many students from enjoying the novel and benefitting from its message. To ignore racism is no different than denying it ever existed. To Kill a Mockingbird is appropriate for mature adolescence/students and should not be banned from schools. Despite its sexual related content, or profanity, a valuable lessonRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird And Kindred Essay735 Words   |  3 Pagesor ethnic identity† (Ashe). Throughout the novels, â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird† and â€Å"Kindred†, the authors address important issues like social and racial injustice, racism, and discrimination in our history. In â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird†, we follow young Scout and Jeremy as they began to discover the true meaning of discrimination. In â€Å"Kindred†, we follow a young woman as she travels back in time as a slave and discovers the true cruelty of racism. Although these novels were set in different time periods

Important Solutions to What Activity Would You Keep Doing Essay Samples in Step by Step Detail

Important Solutions to What Activity Would You Keep Doing Essay Samples in Step by Step Detail There are lots of facets of subject that you may write a police custom essay about. The majority of the time you aren't connected to the writing, as it's official and logic-based, and you are most likely writing about a topic you likewise don't like. To compose an interesting and argumentative essay on daily routine you'll have thoroughly inquire into the problem and select only important and appropriate info. The subject is at the crux of your essay the one that you pick will establish the results of the readers' experience. One of the most frequent mistakes people make when they first begin writing their essays is they get so involved with the story they're telling, that they almost neglect to relate its private value to them. When you discuss something interesting like that, you can be sure that people will certainly read your essay and search for more. It's possible to refer a police essay example to find a notion. If you wish to make an academic essay that's both outstanding and relevant, always set the items that we've discussed above in mind. The essay is broken up into three big pieces. An academic essay always must be relevant. Your academic essay should evoke an emotion that is needed to spark different ideas, opinions and other sorts of responses. Always keep in mind that it should be playful it must not bore your audience. Bear in mind that not every part of your participation could possibly be enjoyable. There are many advantages of physical activity aside from the obvious benefit of having a much better physical look. Long-term use of such drugs can cut back the mental capabilities of someone. As soon as your list of explanations for why you take part in this activity, choose the top three. Sum up all of the information which you have presented so that people are able to identify whether your conclusion has lived up to the content of what you've written. Based on the subject of education where you are in, you will need to make certain your readers can observe patterns of evidence presented so that they c an clearly see how you had the ability to generate and produce insights. Writing a claim will likewise be pegged on the outline where the key thoughts will come into play in addition to the absolute most substantial facets. Since writing a profile essay can look like a tedious activity to some, ensuring that you've got the most suitable info, subject and knowing the right method to write will provide you with a much easier experience. Here's What I Know About What Activity Would You Keep Doing Essay Samples Doing aerobic exercise regularly can help to keep fit and help to receive healthier way of life. Keeping up a normal cardio routine is a fantastic way to get fit and also it helps benefit you in various prolonging ways. Diet isn't the one thing which should be factored into a wholesome way of life. Both nutrition and exercise play an extremely vital part in the quantity of fat stored within the body. It's practically impossible to keep all them in mind. Daily routine i s a rather important and integral portion of our life. There might be a lot of men and women who require assistance with police essay writing. You should give a mental image of the individual or the place you're writing about. The New Angle On What Activity Would You Keep Doing Essay Samples Just Released Should you need assistance with essay writing, feel free to get in touch with our friendly support group or place an order and we'll gladly help you. There are a lot of facilities out there to assist you to stay alive and healthy. If you're struggling with writing essays and wish to boost your skills, taking a course or workshop can be exceedingly helpful. For instance, maybe you mention on your activity sheet that you've done volunteer work at a hospital, and that you have many responsibilities. What Activity Would You Keep Doing Essay Samples - the Story Besides aiding you to look great it makes it possible to feel excellent, too. Men and women have a tendency to decide on a variety of themes of who they are and attempt to describe all of them. A new experience I would love to include would be that if I move to some other city or place I'd like to find someone after possible to do physical activity with and begin making new friends once I go traveling or if I go traveling.

Premiums Respect To Rail Transit Stations -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Premiums Respect To Rail Transit Stations? Answer: Introduction The light rail project of Adelaide is a public transport system for the capital city of South Australia. From the year 2003, the public transport of Adelaide is shifted focused on the light rail transit technology. It becomes a substantial upgradation as well as expansion programs. The scope of this project is to establish a head electric wires, track the installation route of the light rail and draw a blueprint of the light rail transit (LRT) systems. The main aim of construction of light rail is to reduce the traffic into the road, reduction of contamination within the city and use of advanced technology for development of Adelaide city. The track of the light rail network is extended on from the Adelaide through Bridgewater towards Mount Barker. There is an upgradation of existing tramline infrastructure as well as its services. The entire project is installed of tramline overhead of wiring as well as safety works. The report analyzes the light rail project of Adelaide by conducting preliminary design of the system with help of smart technology. It is the first phase of the designing process that is used to investigate the layout of existing areas of the light rail network. In this particular assignment task, the entire system configuration of light rail network is defined with its layouts of the project which provides with early configurations of this project. This particular report is helpful to investigate on the system design of the light rail as a public transport medium. Detailed design and development are also summarized to make a proper understanding of the network to support implications of design concepts. The report also highlights on the system test, validation, evaluation and optimization of the light rail network so that it provides a effective public transport to the population of Adelaide. Preliminary design Adelaides light rail extension from Adelaide through Bridgewater towards Mount Barker is considered as essential vision of the Australian government to integrate of light rail services into the wider metropolitan public transport network. The project claims to connect South Australia with an opportunity to expand their network towards other key destinations of South Australia (Bonotti et al. 2015). The project is aimed to increase use of public transport by adding of convenience as well as attractiveness of the LRT system among the public of Adelaide. Preliminary construction of the project is started with upgradation of the light rail track. Funding of around $115 million is allocated towards upgrade of the rail tracks into the urban area of Adelaide. It provides foundation of the integrated public transport network in order to meet the strategic plan of South Australia (Bhattacharjee and Goetz 2017). The preliminary design of the network consists of installation of concrete sleeper s, formation of repairs, upgradation of level crossing as well as other lightning works on the Bridgewater rail line. For planning of the infrastructure of LRT system, diverse modes are used to lessen blunders. ISO norms are needed to keep usage of the overhead lines as well as electrical equipments used to construct the light rail network. The vehicles for the light rail are formed of multi section articulated in order to minimize the swept path. The low floor is of 350mm at the doors. The vehicles are of length of 30 or 40 meters. The width is of 265 meters. The alignment width is of 7 meters along with its widening throughout the curves. The medium radius of the curve is 25 meters with maximum gradient is of 8 percent (Pan 2013). Apart from this, segregation is targeted at 100 percent with reserved space in the road. There is reallocation of the space for the road for exclusive use of LRT system with proper road levels to meet with local requirements of length of the network routes. The project provides 100 percent priority to the signaled intersections by designing proper way finding signals at the intersections for doing proper rail construction (Ruming, Mee and McGuirk 20160. Automatic vehicle location system is also designed to provide priority to signaled intersections which help to reduce time of the entire jou rney as well as superior journey time dependability. The height of the platform is 350mm above the rail with end ramps at 5 percent gradient. The platforms are step free access with fully integrated pedestrian areas wherever it is possible. The length of the platform is such that a longest vehicle can stop. The width of the platform is considered as well as designed as 3 meters (side platform) continued by 4 meters (island platform). The stops of the vehicles are integrated with the existing pedestrian crosswalks at the intersections. Again, the stop infrastructure is provided an image of the LRT system with stop elements consists of seating, ticketing, and help points, announcements for the passengers, CCTV, branding, real time and passenger information and shelters (Stow et al. 2017). Detailed design and development The light rail network of Adelaide consists of the following designing equipments to construct an effective and sustainable LRT system for the population of South Australia. The design of the overhead lines, traction power substations, platforms and way finding signage are based on stop type, location and surrounding of the light rail network as well as functions (Kim and Lahr 2014). Detailed design of the light rail network of Adelaide is summarized as follows: Overhead lines: LRT system of Adelaide needs electric power supply with the vehicles is powered via the overhead lines. The overhead lines which provide of electric power to the vehicles of light rail are considered as an integral alignment route. LRT system is much lighter and it consists of elegant design which would minimize the impacts of the post, contract wire as well as electrical feeding (Dziauddin, Powe and Alvanides 2015). In South Australia, the heights of the wire is approximately 4.2 meters which is above the rail level used for the LRT system into the streets. Lower height of wire is considered where the routes are segregated from the vehicles. Overhead lines are located at side of the alignment of LRT or it will locate between two tracks (Nelson et al. 2015). Street lights as well as other electrical equipments are designed in such a way that it can be maintained safety without hampering the LRT system. A light grey color or any metallic would reflect the finish of the overhead poles. Traction power substations (TPSS): LRT system consists of TPSS at the intervals along with the route towards step down the higher voltage of AC supply to 750V of DC which is to be fed on the overhead line. Exterior design of the substations is made based on the surroundings (Brown et al. 2015). The location is followed to access maintenance and proper fire services access. Signal controlling equipments are also integrated with the traffic signal controlling as well as design of the cabinets is also followed the practice of city of Adelaide. Design of platforms: The position as well as height of the platform is provided with step free and in addition to gap free boarding among the edge of the platform along with the vehicle door threshold (Ransom and Kelemen 2016). For the LRT system, the horizontal clearance is to be specified as 40mm in order to permit tolerances into the construction of track as well as platforms (Currie and Delbosc 2013). The design of the platform should be such that the door threshold is at a level with edge of platform when the body is at lower position of vehicle suspension with slight stepping up in the vehicle when there is higher vehicle suspension. Way finding signage: It is employed to as well as from the stop in order to provide with easy navigation of the light rail route on the track. It will reduce the occurrence of any types of accidents on the road (Allan, Nawaz and Fielke 2015). The stops of the vehicles are accessible from side of the streets with crosswalks of the adjacent roadways which is provided at connection ending of the platform. System test, evaluation and validation and optimization System test: Testing of the light rail is conducted during the construction stage after completion of detailed design. Inspection testing is conducted to test the equipments during the construction of light rail network. It ensures that all the design components are supplied as per the project requirements (Baumgarten et al. 2014). It also confirms that all the components are meeting with design specifications. Routine test is done to do visual inspection, check for track dimension, electricity check, calibration and mechanical test. It will test the mechanical strength, reliability and electrical characteristics. Site acceptance test is also conducted on installed equipments. Performance test is also performed on the system to see if the system is performed properly or not (Mulley et al. 2016). It also involved investigating the performance of functions on the equipments as well as system with involvement of system operator. Evaluation: The system evaluation of light rail network is based on the requirements of vehicle supplier. The project management team ensures the sustainability of the project work based on evaluation of project funding. A calculation is done on impact of light rail on the environment, which helps to predict if the network is sustainable for the public or not (Liu, Fagnant and Zhang 2016). It is evaluated that due to implementation of light rail network, it will reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases from the public transport. There is reduction of energy consumption. The emissions of gases are reduced by 8 percent in the year 2025 as well as approximately 15 percent by the year 2035. Validation: CAD is used to form of the 3D display of the light rail network. Therefore, proper validation is required for CAD and simulation software such as NETSIM for the purpose to model LRT system. The models are validated to produce accurate estimation of the stopped delay as well as percentage stop at individual intersections into the network. The models are proper and accurate estimation of the network travel times (Kim and Lahr 2014). The models are performed to stimulate the controlled impacts as well as behavior of the LRT system into modeled systems. Optimization: It is required to optimize the locations of the stations as well as alignment of track for the rail transit line. There is development of special algorithms which allow optimization of alignment in order to take advantage of the links into existing network for the reduction of construction cost and in addition to account for the disturbances of the traffic on the roadway (Pan 2013). The transit planner should produce an optimized alternative for the design of the station location and alignment of track. The models used are optimized the vertical alignment as well as speed and also coasting distances. Conclusion It is concluded that the light rail network for population of South Australia will help to reduce congestion at the road and reduces the traffic into city of Adelaide. Development of the light rail framework with use of advanced technology helps to mitigate the problems and issues related to traffic. The light rail network also reduces the journey time of the public. The preliminary design of the network consists of design of tracks, signals as well as platforms. Before implementation of this project, design is prepared which is investigated by the Australian government. The benefits behind implementation of light rail network are lessening of traffic and congestions, decrease of pollution and development of smarter city. The layout of the track is proper which is beneficial for efficient development of the sustainable light rail system. Light rails speed is increased based on controlling of the signal and maintenance of the rail track. It will reduce the occurrence of accidents on t he road and makes a proper LRT system for the public of Adelaide city. Height, width, length of the platforms, positioning of the signals side the track and at the interactions is also required for an efficient LRT framework. References Allan, A., Nawaz, M. and Fielke, M., 2015. Transforming Adelaide into a city of networked TODs using buses: case study of the Adelaide OBahn. Australasian Transport Research Forum. Baumgarten, B., Bernard, M., Robin, P. and Rotarescu, L., 2014. Reducing cost of a tram system for smaller urban areas.CORE 2014: Rail Transport For A Vital Economy, p.42. Bhattacharjee, S. and Goetz, A.R., 2017. Response to The impact of light rail on congestion in Denver: A reappraisal.Journal of Transport Geography,58, pp.269-271. Bonotti, R., Rossetti, S., Tiboni, M. and Tira, M., 2015. Analysing Space-Time Accessibility Towards the Implementation of the Light Rail System: The Case Study of Brescia. Planning Practice Research, 30(4), pp.424-442. Brown, B.B., Werner, C.M., Tribby, C.P., Miller, H.J. and Smith, K.R., 2015. Transit use, physical activity, and body mass index changes: objective measures associated with complete street light-rail construction.American journal of public health,105(7), pp.1468-1474. Currie, G. and Delbosc, A., 2013. Exploring comparative ridership drivers of bus rapid transit and light rail transit routes.Journal of Public Transportation,16(2), p.3. Currie, G. and Delbosc, A., 2014. Assessing bus rapid transit system performance in Australasia.Research in Transportation Economics,48, pp.142-151. Dziauddin, M.F., Powe, N. and Alvanides, S., 2015. Estimating the effects of light rail transit (LRT) system on residential property values using geographically weighted regression (GWR).Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy,8(1), pp.1-25. Kim, K. and Lahr, M.L., 2014. The impact of Hudson?Bergen Light Rail on residential property appreciation.Papers in Regional Science,93(S1). Liu, R.R., Fagnant, D.J. and Zhang, W.B., 2016. Beyond Single Occupancy Vehicles: Automated Transit and Shared Mobility. InRoad Vehicle Automation 3(pp. 259-275). Springer International Publishing. Mulley, C., Ma, L., Clifton, G., Yen, B. and Burke, M., 2016. Residential property value impacts of proximity to transport infrastructure: An investigation of bus rapid transit and heavy rail networks in Brisbane, Australia.Journal of Transport Geography,54, pp.41-52. Nelson, A.C., Eskic, D., Hamidi, S., Petheram, S.J., Ewing, R. and Liu, J.H., 2015. Office rent premiums with respect to light rail transit stations: Case study of Dallas, Texas, with implications for planning of transit-oriented development.Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (2500), pp.110-115. Pan, Q., 2013. The impacts of an urban light rail system on residential property values: a case study of the Houston METRORail transit line.Transportation Planning and Technology,36(2), pp.145-169. Ransom, M.R. and Kelemen, T., 2016. The impact of light rail on congestion in Denver: A reappraisal.Journal of Transport Geography,54, pp.214-217. Ruming, K.J., Mee, K. and McGuirk, P.M., 2016. Planned derailment for new urban futures? An actant network analysis of the" great [light] rail debate" in Newcastle, Australia. Stow, J., Cooney, N., Goodall, R.M. and Sellick, R., 2017. The use of wheelmotors to provide active steering and guidance for a light rail vehicle.

The final product Essay Example

The final product Paper Abstract: In this experiment three Werner complexes, hexaamminecobalt(III) chloride, pentaamminechlorocobalt(III) chloride and hexaamminenickel(II) chloride were synthesized so their structural formula could be examined through magnetic susceptibility, electronic conductance measurements and the analysis of free chloride in the two cobalt complexes through titrations of silver nitrate. Cobalt (III) coordination compounds usually only form in low spin, octahedral complexes where the all t2g are paired leaving all the eg unpaired; whereas nickel(II) complexes are usually formed in the high spin state1. Through these analytical methods, it was found that: hexaamminecobalt(III) chloride has three free chloride ions to form the complex [Co(NH3)6]Cl3, in the low-spin state. Pentaamminechlorocobalt(III) chloride and hexaamminenickel(II) chloride both have two free chlorine ions to form the complexes [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 and [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2 respectively. As expected, pentaamminechlorocobalt(III) chloride has a low spin electron arrangement, and hexaamminenickel(II) chloride is in a high spin state. Introduction: Alfred Werner was the first to discover the structure for coordination compound in 1893, thus they were given the name Werner Complexes. For this research he was given the Nobel Prize in 1913. Werner complexes are complex ions that contain a transition metal in the center, which is surrounded by anionic or neutral ligands. 2 The metal in this case acts as a Lewis acid (electron pair accepting) and the anionic ligands act as a Lewis base (electron pair donating). Using pentaamminechlorocobalt(III) chloride, Co(NH3)3Cl3, as an example, there are four possible structures depending on how the ligands are arranged. We will write a custom essay sample on The final product specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The final product specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The final product specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer [Co(NH3)3Cl3] + 3NH3 In this case, all the chlorine anions are bound directly to the cobalt metal, and three neutral amine molecules are present somewhere else in the crystal lattice [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ + Cl- + 2NH3 Here, two chlorines are directly bound to the cobalt metal with two neutral non boding amine molecules. There is also one free chlorine anion to balance the charge of the cobalt complex. [Co(NH3)5Cl]2+ + 2Cl- + NH3 The third possible arrangement is where there is one chlorine attached to the central cobalt with a single amine molecule elsewhere in the lattice. Again, there are two free chloride ions to balance the charge [Co(NH3)5]3+ + 3Cl- Finally, the cobalt complex can be arranged with just the amine ligands directly bound to it in a square pyramidal geometry instead of a more stable octahedral geometry seen in the other three complexes. This leaves the three chlorine anions non-bonded, and counterbalancing the 3+ charge from the complex. To find the actual arrangement and geometry of the three complexes, conductance measurements, magnetic susceptibility and free chloride ions through titrations can be measured and analyzed. Electronic conductance measurements helps determine the amount of chloride ions not attached to the metal. This is possible because when dissolving a salt in water, the molecule separates into cations and anions, each which can conduct electricity. The conductance measured can be compared to a literature reference of how many total ions correspond to the value. With this, logically dividing the charges between the cations and anions present will help determine the overall structure of the molecule. The second technique for determining the amount of ions present in a Werner complex is magnetic susceptibility. With finding the magnetic susceptibility using a magnetic susceptibility of a compound, one can calculate whether the compound is paramagnetic or diamagnetic. If the mass magnetic susceptibility, ? g, is negative, then the compound is diamagnetic; however, if ? g is positive, then the compound is paramagnetic. The apparatus used for this experiment is a Evans/Johnson Mathey Magnetic Susceptibility Balance. The last technique used was titrating a sample with silver nitrate. Since the three samples contain chloride ions, titrating it with silver nitrate would precipitate silver chloride, which is very insoluble. Based on the volume of silver nitrate used to reach the end point, one can calculate the amount of silver chloride precipitated. The amount of silver chloride precipitated is also the amount of free chloride ions in the mixture. Comparing the ratio of moles of silver nitrate used to the moles of analyte in the mixture will show the amount of non-bonding chlorine present. Procedure and observations: Synthesis of hexaamminecobalt(III) chloride: The synthesis was started by adding cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate(4. 690g) and ammonium chloride (2.946g) to water(5mL) which formed a purple solution from the original red/pink powder. This solution was heated up and turned dark blue once it was all dissolved. Activating charcoal was then added as a catalyst the solution was then black with a slight blue tint. Afterwards, concentrated ammonia (9. 8mL) was added to the mixture. This created a very dark red solution, but upon setting, the color eventually faded to yellow with a bit of red in it. With this, the solution was then cooled in a tab water bath and hydrogen peroxide (10. 0mL, 6%) was added and heated to 65 degrees Celsius for 17 minutes. To crystallize, the solution was then places in another tap water bath, proceeded by an ice water bath. The brown crystals were then filtered by vacuum filtration and transferred to another beaker containing concentrated hydrochloric acid (2. 1mL) and water (41. 0mL). After all the crystals were dissolved, they were filtered by gravity filtration and washed with water (1. 7mL). The red/gold filtrate was collected, and another portion of concentrated hydrochloric acid(5. 2mL) was added. The filtrate was then cooled on ice to crystallize once more. Upon cooling, the solution turned bright orange. The sides of the erlenmeyer flask had to be scratched vigorously to help induce the production of crystals. Finally, the crystals were filtered once more by vacuum filtration, and dried between two pieces of large filter paper. The final product were bright orange crystals(0. 123g) at a 2. 36% yield. Synthesis of pentaamminechlorocobalt(III) chloride: To start the synthesis, solid ammonium chloride (7. 560g) was added to a beaker containing ammonia (44. 6mL, 14M). While stirring, finely powdered cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate (7. 465g) was slowly added.

Human Rights and Refugees essay

Human Rights and Refugees essay Human Rights and Refugees essay Human Rights and Refugees essayThe current research proposal focuses on the analysis of the current situation in the refugee policy in Brazil compared to the general policies and practices applied to refugees internationally. The research proposal aims at the revelation of specificities of policies conducted by Brazil in relation to refugees and the integration of refugees into local communities in Brazil2 Objectives of the local integration projectThe major objectives of the local integration project is the integration of refugees arriving to the country, namely Brazil, into local communities, where they can start their normal social life.Local integration as a durable solution combines three dimensions:Firstly, it is a legal process, whereby refugees attain a wider range of rights in the host state.Secondly, it is an economic process of establishing sustainable livelihoods and a standard of living comparable to the host community.Thirdly, it is a social and cultural process of adap tation and acceptance that enables the refugees to contribute to the social life of the host country and live without fear of discrimination3 MethodologyThe current study will involve experts and professionals working in Brazilian government agencies, especially those responsible for immigration policies in Brazil. Experts involved in the study should have profound knowledge and understanding of refugee policies and practices at the international and local level, preferably with the experience of working in Brazil. Professionals working in government agencies should also be qualified and have sufficient experience to provide the competent information on the current refugee policies conducted by Brazil.4 General observations in relation to integration of refugees in Brazil  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4.1 National integration policy and international cooperationThe national integration policy is crucial for the integration of refugees into local communities. Countries are normally expected to int egrate refugees, who are seeking asylum on their territories. The international cooperation is essential for effective refugees policies because refugees have to move internationally and, even if the target country refuses from providing them with the refugee status, the country should not expose their life and health or those of their relatives to threat extraditing them to their home countries.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4.2 Respect of refugees’ rights and access to informationThe country conducting refugee policies should respect refugees’ rights and provide them with the access to information on their rights and liberties.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4.3 Language skillsAs a rule, refugees have poor language skills and may need the assistance of interpreter to maintain their communication with the authorities. The further integration of refugees normally involves language courses and development of basic language skills to facilitate the integration of refugees into local communities.     Ã‚  Ã‚   4.4 Resettlement needsRefugees face urgent resettlement needs because, as a rule, they arrive to the country, where they seek asylum without property and little, if any, money. In such a situation, the government or NGOs should provide refugees with assistance to help them resettle and start a new life in the new country.5 Country specific analysis and recommendations to Brazil  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5.1 IntroductionAt the moment, Brazil is one of the target destinations for refugees in Latin America. A large part of refugees arriving to Brazil are of Latin America origin as they flee from wars, political prosecutions, and violation of their basic human rights in their home countries. However, as a rule, refugees flee to Brazil in search of asylum to save their life and health or those of their family members. Refugees also arrive from Africa and Asia.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5.2 Legislation and documentsRefugees should have travelling visas to travel to Brazil, where they can claim f or asylum, while the decision on their status and further extradition or providing them with the refugee status is taken by the local authorities.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5.3 Educational qualifications of refugeesAs a rule, the educational qualification of refugees arriving to Brazil is low. They are either semi- or low-qualified employees working in agricultural sector mainly, although there are cases when well-qualified refugees may flee to Brazil, especially in case of political repressions in their home countries.5.4 Employment and employment servicesEmployment is a challenge for refugees in Brazil. As they have the low qualification they face the tight competition from the part of local employees. In addition, they may have poor language skills that deteriorates their competitive position in the labor market. Cultural differences between refugees and local communities can cause communication gaps. Therefore, they may have difficulties with employment and they need the assistance of emp loyment services in Brazil.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5.5 HousingRefugees face the housing problem because they have no real estate in Brazil and they do not have money to purchase or even hire dwelling. Hence, either the government or NGOs should provide them with the assistance to support for certain period until they get an opportunity to hire or buy their own dwelling.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5.6 Social benefits and pensionsOften, refugees are deprived of social benefits and pensions that Brazilian citizens can benefit from. In such situation, the government assistance and support from the part of NGOs becomes crucial for them.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5.7 HealthSimilarly to social benefits, health care services are also costly and often unavailable to refugees because they cannot cover costs of health care services. Therefore they rely heavily on the government support and NGOs, which can assist them providing them with basic health care services.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5.8 Legal counseling and capacity of NGOs As refugees seek for asylum in Brazil, they arrive to the country being unaware of specificities of the local legislation, especially refugee and immigration legislation. They are even unaware of their basic human rights and liberties, which they can exercise in Brazil. Hence, they need legal counseling and NGOs often provide them with such services.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5.9 Naturalization procedures/ citizenshipThe naturalization procedures and obtaining of citizenship in Brazil is complex but easier compared to well-developed countries, such as the US or Canada, for instance. On the other hand, Brazil cannot always afford providing asylum for refugees because of the lack of financial resources and funding of refugee programs.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5.10 Local community relationsRefugees in Brazil may face problems with local communities because they are outsiders and they need time and efforts to adapt to the life in the new socio-cultural environment, while many local community members view refugees as rivals in gaining social benefits granted by the government and rivals in the local labor market. In addition, the lack of language competence and cultural differences may create communication gaps but the local population is basically tolerant to refugees and immigrants.6 ConclusionThe current situation in Brazil needs the detailed study of refugee policies because refugees have multiple needs, which the local authorities and NGOs cannot always meet.

Solid reasons to study in Scotland

Solid reasons to study in Scotland Four Reasons to Study in Scotland When viewing all the options of where you want to study abroad, Scotland has to be the least obvious choice, but choosing a course here gives students the opportunity to study both in busy London-like cities, or in some of the most idyllic landscapes in the world. Once you arrive in Scotland, you wouldn’t want to leave it, guaranteed! Let’s pinpoint 4 good reasons to start your academic career here. Eventful History The Scotts have a rich history that is an integral part of the country's modern cultural heritage. The country saw both the Roman invasion back in the first century and withstood battles for the independence of Scotland. These events blended into an essential chapter of Scotland’s history. But you will be surprised at how much Scotland has to offer, way more than its historical battlegrounds and sophisticated castles. If you wish to embrace a culture that’s proud of its history and open to sharing it with students, then try your luck at one of the best Scottish universities to appreciate it first-hand! With over 100 galleries and 250 museums at hand, you’ll discover what it's really like to explore the history from the inside. Top-notch Universities Scotland boasts a handful of first-class universities that are put on the list of top 200 best educational institutions in the world according to The Times. Such institutions as the University of Glasgow, the University of Aberdeen and the University of Edinburgh that were found between the 1400s and 1500s, are the most recognizable public universities. In addition to age-old universities, Scotland also has plenty of globally renown schools and colleges, both private and public. Besides, if you wish to follow a royal path of pursuing a degree, then apply to The University of St. Andrews where Prince William, Duke of Cambridge and Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge got their diplomas. Great Outdoor Playground If you consider enrolling in one of the Scotland’s educational institutions, mind that you won’t escape the beauty of nature the Scotland has to suggest. Lofty mountains, gleaming lakes, thick forests and miles on miles of golden beaches - Scotland's landscapes are truly breathtaking. Take a stroll through the rolling hills and fertile farmlands of the Lowlands and drive through the deep hills, surrounded by mountains of Highlands. Scotland is also an enviable haven for wayfarers of all aspirations, offering from family hikes along the river and to long-distance routes such as the southern elevation path, as well as high-level mountain walks for the more adventurous. Easy to Travel One of the benefits of being an international student in Scotland is a chance to travel around the country that you will be calling home for the next several years and also travel throughout Europe. In Scotland, there is a variety of transportation options, so you can explore the whole country, from Sango Bay, right where your next stop is Arctic, to the Cairngorms National Park, and even the most hidden places you want to see in between are approachable. If you want to travel, you can do so by an airplane, bus or train that will take you anywhere, from London to Europe. Scotland won’t boost your anxiety as much as a hectic London environment; it’s just a perfect place to meditate on your physical and mental balance.

Teenage Sex Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Teenage Sex - Essay Example Upon gathering related research articles from the UAH-Salmon Library, the moral, ethical, health, and social issues related to teenage sex will be tackled in details. Eventually, significant ways on how my cultural background and the place where I grew up affect my attitude and values regarding teenage sex will be provided in this study. Prior to conclusion, the pros and cons of incorporating sex education in the school system will be thoroughly discussed. Morality means that the act of a person should not go against religion which could lead a person to experience â€Å"defilement†, â€Å"sin†, and â€Å"guilt† (Farley, 2006, p. 175). In relation to morality, ethics is a moral philosophy which is commonly used when judging whether or not a specific human action is classified as moral or immoral. Religions like Catholics, Protestant, and Jewish acknowledges that the act of making love should be done within the context of marriage (between the husband and wife). Therefore, it is immoral and unethical for high school students to engage themselves in teenage sex. Teenage sex is a serious socio-economic problem because the act of engaging in sexual activities at an early age could lead to unplanned pregnancy. Teenage pregnancy is one of the most common reasons why a young woman would drop out from school (The National Campaign, 2010). Because of the tight competition in the labor market, there is a strong possibility that a pregnant teenager who is not able to finish school will have more difficulty finding a decent job. Therefore, teenage pregnancy could lead to serious economic problems after a teenage mother gives birth. In relation to unprotected teenage sexual activity, the health of the mother is compromised because of the increased risk of becoming infected with sexually transmitted diseases like HIV, Gonorrhea and Chlamydia. Almost all teenage women who become

Response Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Response Question - Essay Example a writing style which means that Sima Qian wrote as a group. Sima Qian observed the whole picture of the events in China, and wrote it from the standpoint of the group’s view. On the other hand Herodotus wrote it mostly from his view point, adding up details which he thought were necessary for the readers to read. What did the group think of what happened? What did the group think was important to write down? Why did they think it was important? These are questions that we should answer. The most amazing thing about these authors is that they never once met each other in person. Yet, for people who never met each other, never enjoyed each other’s company and never had a cup of coffee or tea over the dinner table together, their recollections and styles are vastly similar. The similarities become eminent to the readers by the different accounts of the writers that they give, and the brilliant ways in which they speak. Herodotus’ brilliant account of politics was f ascinating to me, as was Qian’s ability to go off on random mythical journeys. Many would say this was separate, but it is also identical as both writers could go off onto one stretch of writing style and stay there. Regardless of the similarities that the two writers share their writing styles are vastly different. However the fact remains that Sima Qian and Herodotus are great writers and perhaps some of the best writers in history. Their writing style shall be forever analyzed and young students and emerging writers will always try and strive for their great style. A major difference that the two authors have is the manner in which each writer presents his personal interpretation. As mentioned above Herodotus tends to go off on political tangents while Sima Qian tends to keep the political thoughts to a barely noticeable minimum. However Qian has no problem in exploring the mystical world of China, something Herodotus virtually leaves untouched. Qian wrote from what is kno wn as the group standpoint. He wanted everyone to receive his entire message, to see his whole picture, so to speak. It is a contrast to be sure from Herodotus, who wrote from his standpoint and more about what he thought, and wasn’t as worried about making sure that the entire group got the picture. However this does not means that readers of the text will not find Herodotus’ work compelling. The first thing I noticed about both authors, as I was reading their work, was how stunningly easy the work was to read. Many history books are dry and full of only factual writing. However in my opinion this time the writing from the history book seemed to come to life. Although I liked Herodotus’ approach slightly better because I am more of a political person than a mystical person, yet Qian’s work was also equally engaging. However I did think that Herodotus’ work was more intellectually stimulating perhaps because it had a more historical and more fact-b ased approach. Many books, especially books about this time period in history, are quite boring although I was glad to see that this one was very interesting. I found Herodotus’ work to be more enlightening than Qian’s, perhaps because I was able to relate to the style of writing that he used and it was slightly better than Qian’s. Sometimes it was hard to know who actually wrote what document as the book did not always specifically mention it, thus making an absolute and fair analysis and comparison challenging, to say the least. I personally could not have done all the research and

Learning Experiences Essay Example for Free

Learning Experiences Essay The value of education undoubtedly depends on the purpose behind it. Activities also give the child new abilities, and allow him/her to discover abilities never known to have existed before, or strengthen skills that naturally exist in any human being. When a child is born, the child learns by interacting with the world around him/her, and this is the foundation for building the child’s intellectually abilities as well as the child’s personality, emotionally and socially (Mahapatra, 2009). This paper focuses on the learning experiences that a child acquires from various activities, as dictated by the child’s age. In this study, there are 5 age groups that would be considered. The first stage is the stage of ‘younger babies, the ‘older babies,’ the ‘toddler stage,’ the ‘kindy stage,’ and the last stage, the ‘preschoolers. ’ In this paper, the researcher would like to discuss the teaching strategies to be used, including all the considerations to be involved when it comes to teaching organisation. Young babies †¢ Young babies are children whose age is categorized as babies who are of 6 months old from the time when they are born. †¢ During this stage, the baby shall learn basic activities such as learning to sit on his/her own and learning to explore the world using his/her hands. Other senses are also at play since the child is naturally curious about the world and will use his/her sense to learn. At this stage, babies tend to use their mouths as well to explore things, which is why it is important that they be given toys that are not hazardous and will not cause choking. Some toys have been specifically designed for a baby’s learning purpose and these toys are safe to be kept in the mouth. †¢ Activities that can benefit a child’s learning experience can be aided by toys. Learning resources can start with toys that can be placed in the child’s crib, such as colourful mobiles, as well as toys that can be squeezed, such as musical toys. Other toys can be toys that require the child to use his/her body muscles to push and pull, in order to stimulate the child’s grabbing and grasping skills (Henig, 2008). †¢ As a teacher, it is important that the child be given materials to encourage him/her to be aware of his/her senses, what they are for and how to use them. For instance, the child can be given a musical ball, which the child has to squeeze in order for sounds to be heard. †¢ The learning experience of the child can be evaluated by the kinds of toys that stimulates the child’s brain. For instance, the teacher or the caregiver can provide a variety of toys for the child to play with, and depending on what toy the child picks up the most, the teacher can decide what toy appeals more to the child. If the child picks up the musical toy more often, it means that the sound that the ball makes appeals to the child’s senses. Older Babies †¢ Older babies are approximately aged from 6 to 15 months. †¢ At this stage, babies are able to develop their problem solving skills as they continue learning about a variety of new objects. They are also more able to understand people, and at this stage, the child starts to constantly seek for independence, and they try to develop their own self-esteem. Toys are also more played with, since the child starts to learn how to play ‘properly. ’ For instance, when a child is given toy blocks, or toys such as Lego, the child is actually able to build ‘something’ out of these blocks. In addition to this, the child is also more curious, so providing the child with a play area complete with swings, slides and other play structures encourages active play. †¢ Activities that could be advised for a child of this stage could be providing a child with a puzzle to complete. The teacher could provide the child with a cardboard jigsaw puzzle where the child has to form the pieces together in order to make a picture. This activity helps stimulates mind activity in the child, while wooden puzzles also stimulate sensory discrimination as well as the development of the child’s eyes and hands. An environment such as a playground could give the child enough room to set up his/her own dramatic scene, along with his/her own playmates. The teacher can provide the child with materials such as costumes in order for the child to be more creative in role playing. †¢ The teacher’s responsibility at this point is just to observe the child’s activities and not to actually help the child to do the right thing. This way, the child can have more freedom to express himself/ herself. Toddlers †¢ Toddlers are aged from 15 to 36 months. †¢ At this stage, toddlers are fascinated by household objects, the different shapes of objects and their textures. It is also at this stage where the toddler’s motor skills develop at a fast rate, and this is the stage where the greatest changes in a child’s life and the child’s mind happens. Furthermore, the child is able to express himself/herself more (University of Georgia, 2007). †¢ For this stage, the teacher can coordinate an activity that allows the child to use his sense of sound better, while also developing the child’s creativity level at a faster rate. The teacher could create a fun experience for the toddler by allowing the child to use a variety of cooking utensils for the child to play with. Pots, pans, and cans can be used, and the child can be given wooden utensils so he/she can make a personalized instrument and bang the items together to make his/her own rhythm. A rhythm game can also be played where the teacher can play a certain rhythm and have the child copy it and repeat it accordingly (Tomlinson, 2008). †¢ This activity stimulates the child’s response to sounds, and the teacher can begin to teach the child new words such as ‘beat,’ or ‘drum,’ to talk about the activity itself, or the teacher can teach the child descriptive words to allow the child to express his/her feelings while performing the activity. At this stage, the teacher helps the child be more familiar with shapes, textures, smells and even taste. Kindy Stage †¢ This stage is concerned with kids who are aged approximately 36 to 52 months. †¢ This is the kindergarten stage, where the child has begun to talk, sing and dance. This is also the stage where the child is supposed to be taught how to read since the child can already understand some concepts about the world. Children at this stage may start to struggle at first with reading. Therefore it is advised that the teacher or the caregiver read to the child every day. This way, the child can begin to realize that reading is a fun activity, and the child is also able to use his/her imagination as the adult reads to him/her. †¢ Learning how to read starts with a child’s ears. An activity that a teacher can do for the child would be to read a story to the child and to ask the child questions regarding the story. For instance, after reading a story about animals, the teacher can use the help of pictures with animals on them, as well as cards containing the names of these animals. The child’s task is to attach each word card to the picture it corresponds with. †¢ This way, the child is able to be familiarize himself/herself with new vocabulary, new situations and experiences, and the child can even match what he/she learns from reading to what he/she sees, hears, touches, and taste in real life (Cooper Cooper, 2008). Preschoolers †¢ Preschoolers are from the age of 48 to 52 months old. †¢ At this stage, children can recall concepts easier, and also familiar words. They can also understand new words and new concepts better and can understand the meanings of basic words such as ‘over,’ and ‘under’ (Child Development Institute, LLC, 2008). When it comes to mathematical concepts such as addition and subtraction, there exists a pervasive relationship between a child’s understanding and the child’s procedural skills. Procedural knowledge refers to the child’s skills that are required in order to solve mathematical problems. †¢ For this stage, the teacher can do an activity by using materials such as marbles. The teacher can lay out the marbles on the ground and ask the child to count them. The teacher can then take away a number of these marbles and ask the child to count the marbles again. This way, the child can understand the meaning of subtraction, while the teacher can teach addition by adding more marbles to the pile and asking the student to count them. The teacher can first demonstrate how it is done first so that the child can easily follow. †¢ Such an activity helps the child to clearly understand the meaning of both addition and subtraction, as well as helping him/her to recite the numbers more often. This way, the child is also made familiar with more numbers. †¢ The teacher’s duty is to ensure that the child is able to count properly, as well as add properly and subtract properly. Previous stages allowed the child to have the freedom to perform in any way the child wants. At this age, however, the teacher should introduce the child to correct mathematical concepts so the child is able to retain in his/her mind such information (Geary et al. 2000) †¢ Such mathematical drills should be performed time and time again so that the child will not easily forget. The teacher can evaluate the child’s performance by repeating the exercise again and again, giving way for the child to make mistakes. For all the activities mentioned, it would help the teacher as well to use the reward system when a child performs well. This is especially advised for children who may be stubborn and require a little ‘pushing’ in order to perform accordingly or better. It must also be noted that children cannot be expected to learn quickly so the teacher must be patient and should help the child do so (Fendrich et al. 1993) References Child Development Institute, LLC. 2008. Language development in children, on January 15 2009, from http://www. childdevelopmentinfo.com/development/language_development. shtml Cooper, T. Cooper, S. (2009) Teaching reading: Part One, retrieved on January 15 2009 from http://www. teaching-children-to-read. net/ Fendrich, D. W, Healy, A Bourne, L (1993) Mental arithmetic: Training and retention of multiplication skill, Cognitive Psychology Applied, pp. 116-133. Geary, D, Hamson, C Hoard, M (2000) Numerical and arithmetical cognition: A longitudinal study of process and concept deficits in children with learning disability, Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 77, pp. 236-263. Henig, R. (Februaru 17 2008) Taking play seriously, New York Times Magazine, p. 38. Mahapatra, A. (January 11 2009) Activity leads to learning, The Hindu. Tomlinson, P. (2008) Psychological theory and pedagogical effectiveness: The learning promotion potential network, British Journal of Educational Psychology, 78, pp. 507-526. University of Georgia (2007) Learning and development: infants birth to 12 months. Better Brains for Babies, retrieved January 15, 2009 from http://www. fcs. uga. edu/bbbgeorgia/childDev_00-12. php

Carrying A Concealed Weapon, In California, Is A Threat To Society Essa

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Matilda Crabtree, 14, was shot and killed by her father when she jumped from the closet and yelled ‘BOO’ to scare her parents; her last words were, ‘I love you, daddy.†(Rottenberg 87) Laws that regulate carrying concealed weapons (CCW) have been wildly debated in the California and the US. There have mainly been two different types of laws. One is a type of legislation known as â€Å"may need† laws, which issues licenses to people who are in absolute need of carrying a concealed weapon. The other is known as â€Å"shall use† laws, which is a lot more lenient for people and makes it easier for the general public to get a gun. This law gives state authorities to issue concealed weapon licenses to any adult who does not have a felony conviction or history of mental illness. The use of firearms is justifiable only when a person is threatened with serious bodily injury. It does not mean that if a person is stealing your system from your car, you can shoot them. Legalizing concealed weapons to the general public is a direct attack on society’s safety in public places. Too many people will resort to force instead of a chance to runaway; everyone would rather be a hero. At the moment there are 31 states in the United States that permit people to possess a concealed weapon; California is not one of them. Carrying a concealed weapon is a threat to society because there have been too many accidents, concealed weapon laws might cause criminals to act more violently, and finally carrying concealed weapons might stimulate violent confrontation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Shall use† CCW laws do not cut down the amount of gun violence. Even though these laws are pretty recent, studies show that more carefree concealed weapon laws will not decrease the amount of gun related violence. Based on data collected from three states, University of Maryland researchers David McDowall, Colin Loftin, and Brian Wiersema found that the homicide rates did not significantly drop in these states following the adoption of Concealed Carry Laws. Instead, in three of the five cities studied these researchers found a statistically significant increase in the rate of gun related homicides - 74% in Jacksonville, 43% in Jackson, and 22% in Tampa (Ford 65).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Carrying a concealed weapon creates a false sense of security and diverts attent... ...nal, even when well-trained police officers are involved. The idea that poorly trained, self-appointed vigilantes are running through our streets looking to become heroes, should not make any of us feel safer. Arming a society does not create civility nor does it produce solutions to gun violence. We cannot solve our society’s disease of violence by arming ourselves with the epidemic. Work Sited Fisherman, Steve (1993, October). â€Å"What You Know About Guns Can Kill You,† Vogue, 32-38. Ford, Liam T.A. (1994, August/September). â€Å"Gunning for Change,† Reason, 64-66 Kirchner, Paul (1994, February). â€Å"Defending Gun Ownership,† Chronicles, available from 934 N. Main St., Rockford, IL. 61103-7061 Reese, Charley (1996, January). â€Å"You Can’t Beat an (Armed) Woman,† Conservative Chronicle, available from Box 29, Hampton, IA. 50441. Rottenberg, Annette T. (1997). Cease fire advertisement. The Structure of Argument. Boston: Bedford Books a division of St. Martin’s Press Inc. Sojourners (1994, March). â€Å"Annie Get Your Gun,† available from 2401 15th St. NW, Washington, DC 20009. Voll, Daniel (1995, March). â€Å"The Right to Bear Sorrow,† Esquire, 79-83

Survival of the Fittest

Survival of the Fittest His sweaty palms clutch a few coins. The bus line moves forward. Ticket paid for, a quick glance to the back of the bus. They wait, feeding off his panic and distress as he walks to his seat. Fiona Dove investigates teen bullying. Survival of the fittest has been a notion well accepted by society when applied to animals. The strong and the weak battle it out to determine who will be supreme. Does this theory apply to bully behaviour? If three-quarters of Australian households have at least one person affected by bullying are our children fighting a battle, which will determine how they conduct their lives? The Education of Queensland Child Protection Act defines bullying as â€Å"The abuse of power with the intention of causing distress to other person(s)†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Bullying is a poisonous weed within society. Research shows that children who bully at a young age have a higher risk of committing felonies as an adult and becoming a criminal. Indeed victims of bullying have experienced psychological damage so severe it lead to suicide. Chanelle Rae was fourth student from Western Height College in Geelong, Victoria to commit suicide in a five-month period. Chanelle was a zealous supporter of the Geelong cats. Her idol Corey Enright a cats team member was pallbearer at her funeral. However on the 17th of July in 2009 Chanelle committed suicide after a brutal cyber bullying attack. [pic] It's natural, so what’s wrong with this Picture? With technology constantly advancing this generation has much more choice in torturous devices than 20 years ago. Mobile phones, Internet physical violence and smear campaigns are all weapons in a bully’s arsenal. With all this at a bully’s disposal victims are in a constant state of trepidation unsure as to which direction the blow will come from. Television programmes preach that only those who fit the stereotype of a â€Å"Nerd† are bullied in society; the reality is that a bully can target anyone. Insecurities, fear and jealousy are the underlying emotions that bullies deal with by intimidating and antagonizing others. As a consequence of young people being herded together for extended periods of time, the instinct to overpower and â€Å"bully† others is natural. As caregivers we should be asking ourselves whether bubble wrapping and shrouding children from the public domain mean that they have insufficiently developed social skills? Are we, ironically, making children revert back to the battle for supremacy? With one in five students having been harassed at school and at least one in three children bullied almost daily, only a fool would say that bullying in schools is a minor problem. â€Å"Bullying will always be a part of school culture,† agrees Alison Heder a school bus driver. To change the bullying culture children need to be told from a very young age that telling a trusted adult, whether it may be a school counsellor or a parent in OK and not â€Å"tattle-telling†. Rather than being sheltering children should be out learning how to behave. Instead of being thrown straight into the sharks at the age of six when school starts, the transition from home to school would be less of an ordeal for children if the basic foundations of good communication were already in place. Queensland Government Department of Education and Training, Code of School Behaviour requires that schools provide a safe and supportive learning environment. When asked about her thoughts on this in regards to the current bullying issues Alison exclaimed â€Å"It’s not the schools fault! Parents need to teach their children acceptable behaviour through example† Studies have shown that with effective communication between the school and home in most cases is able to stop the bully and help the students move forward. On the other hand when the student is too afraid to reach out for help the result can be fatal. On the 15th of February 2010 a young boy encountered a terrible fate. Elliot Fletcher, at just 12 years old was stabbed in the chest. This story was met with shock Australia wide as the reality of bullying in schools was realised. The well-established Catholic school, St. Patrick’s College, recorded 380 absences out of 1100 after the news of Elliot’s passing had spread. The reputation of all Private schools was further tarnished as several more violent attacks were reported. Parents are now questioning how the government is handling the bullying epidemic. Alison Heder concurred that the government’s current handle on the bullying situation is as ineffectual as it is inadequate. Whilst bullying may never be truly eliminated from society the aim of new bullying campaigns is to inform the victims of bullies of the various resources each school has to help them stop the bullying and move on from the traumatic experiences. Hotheaded, savage and ungovernable; dread, panic, terror; from covert and subtle to openly ridiculing. Natural or not, bullying is not something to be pushed away to the sides where it festers and thrives. The culture of society must first change if we are to eradicate this practice. Bibliography Personal Interview †¢ Heder, Alison. 1961. Working. Local School Bus Driver, interviewed 19th February 2010. Newspaper Articles †¢ Tomazin, Farrah. â€Å"3/4 of Australian Households have at least one Person who has been Bullied†, The Age, 20th March 2010. †¢ Ironside, Robyn. Vogler, Sarah. â€Å"Boy, 12, dies after being stabbed at St. Patrick’s College Shorncliffe†, The Courier Mail, 20th March 2010. †¢ Scott, Edwina. â€Å"Hundreds Gather for Suicide Teen’s Funeral†, The Courier Mail, 20th March 2010. †¢ Chilcott, Tanya. â€Å"School Bullying Shame: Three Children a Class Bullied Daily†, The Courier Mail, 20th March 2010. †¢ Ironside, Robyn. Chilcott, Tanya. â€Å"Pupils Struggle with Heartbreak after Boy Stabbed to Death in Brisbane School†, The Herald Sun, 20th March 2010. Websites †¢ Anon. 2000. Code of School Behaviour. http://education. ld. gov. au/studentservices/behaviour/bm-codebehav. html. (Accessed 20th March. 2010) †¢ Anon. 2007. Child Protection Act 1999. http://www. childsaftey. qld. gov. au/legislation/child-protection/child-protection-act-1999. html. (Accessed 20th March. 2010) †¢ Field, Evelyn. 2003. Bully Blocking. www. bullying. com. au/school-bullying/. (Accessed 21st March 2010) ———————– â€Å"Children are terrified to go to the school guidance counsellor because they are afraid that the bully will find out they’ve been tattle-telling,† tells Alison Heder Survival of the Fittest Survival of the Fittest His sweaty palms clutch a few coins. The bus line moves forward. Ticket paid for, a quick glance to the back of the bus. They wait, feeding off his panic and distress as he walks to his seat. Fiona Dove investigates teen bullying. Survival of the fittest has been a notion well accepted by society when applied to animals. The strong and the weak battle it out to determine who will be supreme. Does this theory apply to bully behaviour? If three-quarters of Australian households have at least one person affected by bullying are our children fighting a battle, which will determine how they conduct their lives? The Education of Queensland Child Protection Act defines bullying as â€Å"The abuse of power with the intention of causing distress to other person(s)†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Bullying is a poisonous weed within society. Research shows that children who bully at a young age have a higher risk of committing felonies as an adult and becoming a criminal. Indeed victims of bullying have experienced psychological damage so severe it lead to suicide. Chanelle Rae was fourth student from Western Height College in Geelong, Victoria to commit suicide in a five-month period. Chanelle was a zealous supporter of the Geelong cats. Her idol Corey Enright a cats team member was pallbearer at her funeral. However on the 17th of July in 2009 Chanelle committed suicide after a brutal cyber bullying attack. [pic] It's natural, so what’s wrong with this Picture? With technology constantly advancing this generation has much more choice in torturous devices than 20 years ago. Mobile phones, Internet physical violence and smear campaigns are all weapons in a bully’s arsenal. With all this at a bully’s disposal victims are in a constant state of trepidation unsure as to which direction the blow will come from. Television programmes preach that only those who fit the stereotype of a â€Å"Nerd† are bullied in society; the reality is that a bully can target anyone. Insecurities, fear and jealousy are the underlying emotions that bullies deal with by intimidating and antagonizing others. As a consequence of young people being herded together for extended periods of time, the instinct to overpower and â€Å"bully† others is natural. As caregivers we should be asking ourselves whether bubble wrapping and shrouding children from the public domain mean that they have insufficiently developed social skills? Are we, ironically, making children revert back to the battle for supremacy? With one in five students having been harassed at school and at least one in three children bullied almost daily, only a fool would say that bullying in schools is a minor problem. â€Å"Bullying will always be a part of school culture,† agrees Alison Heder a school bus driver. To change the bullying culture children need to be told from a very young age that telling a trusted adult, whether it may be a school counsellor or a parent in OK and not â€Å"tattle-telling†. Rather than being sheltering children should be out learning how to behave. Instead of being thrown straight into the sharks at the age of six when school starts, the transition from home to school would be less of an ordeal for children if the basic foundations of good communication were already in place. Queensland Government Department of Education and Training, Code of School Behaviour requires that schools provide a safe and supportive learning environment. When asked about her thoughts on this in regards to the current bullying issues Alison exclaimed â€Å"It’s not the schools fault! Parents need to teach their children acceptable behaviour through example† Studies have shown that with effective communication between the school and home in most cases is able to stop the bully and help the students move forward. On the other hand when the student is too afraid to reach out for help the result can be fatal. On the 15th of February 2010 a young boy encountered a terrible fate. Elliot Fletcher, at just 12 years old was stabbed in the chest. This story was met with shock Australia wide as the reality of bullying in schools was realised. The well-established Catholic school, St. Patrick’s College, recorded 380 absences out of 1100 after the news of Elliot’s passing had spread. The reputation of all Private schools was further tarnished as several more violent attacks were reported. Parents are now questioning how the government is handling the bullying epidemic. Alison Heder concurred that the government’s current handle on the bullying situation is as ineffectual as it is inadequate. Whilst bullying may never be truly eliminated from society the aim of new bullying campaigns is to inform the victims of bullies of the various resources each school has to help them stop the bullying and move on from the traumatic experiences. Hotheaded, savage and ungovernable; dread, panic, terror; from covert and subtle to openly ridiculing. Natural or not, bullying is not something to be pushed away to the sides where it festers and thrives. The culture of society must first change if we are to eradicate this practice. Bibliography Personal Interview †¢ Heder, Alison. 1961. Working. Local School Bus Driver, interviewed 19th February 2010. Newspaper Articles †¢ Tomazin, Farrah. â€Å"3/4 of Australian Households have at least one Person who has been Bullied†, The Age, 20th March 2010. †¢ Ironside, Robyn. Vogler, Sarah. â€Å"Boy, 12, dies after being stabbed at St. Patrick’s College Shorncliffe†, The Courier Mail, 20th March 2010. †¢ Scott, Edwina. â€Å"Hundreds Gather for Suicide Teen’s Funeral†, The Courier Mail, 20th March 2010. †¢ Chilcott, Tanya. â€Å"School Bullying Shame: Three Children a Class Bullied Daily†, The Courier Mail, 20th March 2010. †¢ Ironside, Robyn. Chilcott, Tanya. â€Å"Pupils Struggle with Heartbreak after Boy Stabbed to Death in Brisbane School†, The Herald Sun, 20th March 2010. Websites †¢ Anon. 2000. Code of School Behaviour. http://education. ld. gov. au/studentservices/behaviour/bm-codebehav. html. (Accessed 20th March. 2010) †¢ Anon. 2007. Child Protection Act 1999. http://www. childsaftey. qld. gov. au/legislation/child-protection/child-protection-act-1999. html. (Accessed 20th March. 2010) †¢ Field, Evelyn. 2003. Bully Blocking. www. bullying. com. au/school-bullying/. (Accessed 21st March 2010) ———————– â€Å"Children are terrified to go to the school guidance counsellor because they are afraid that the bully will find out they’ve been tattle-telling,† tells Alison Heder

Information Security Overview Essay

In this paper I will be discussing some of the benefits of having frameworks for information security management. What each of the frameworks of information security are, their pros and their cons. Which major perspectives to consider in information security management and framework choice. What organizational factors should be considered in framework choice? I will also attempt to come up with a better framework for information security. Some of the benefits of having frameworks for information security management are, that they serve as a common ground for integrating all types of information security functions. It also helps answer question of how to react to information security issues. As well as, helping identify what the important components involved in establishing and maintaining information security initiatives. Since our information faces more potential security breaches than ever before (Ma, Schmidt, Pearson, 2009 p. 58). The information security frameworks are the follow ing: -Governance frameworks -Security frameworks -Risk management and risk assessment frameworks -Audit and assurance frameworks -Legal and regulatory frameworks The governance framework is very important because it gives us a road map for the application, evaluation and improvement of information security practices (Information Security Governance: Toward a Framework for Action). This frame work includes legislation, regulations, corporate structure, corporate culture and the importance of information security to the organization. It also acts as a mechanism to deliver value, mange performance and also mitigates risk. Another important fact about this  framework is that it gives us a way to assign accountability for each decision and performance. It ensures that policies, procedures, management and other related management techniques are all working hand in hand to achieve the organization’s goals. There aren’t many documents that define the roles, tasks and responsibilities of different senior members of an organization, just like in any other successful practice the need of support from senior management is needed. FISMA clarifies how that support has to be given. Some of the pros that governance frameworks bring to the table are as follows: It helps technology with business goals, it provided a framework for measuring and managing IS performance. It also facilitates compliance with external legislation and regulations. And last but not least, it helps ensure valuable technology solutions are delivered on time and on budget. Security standard framework consists of various guidelines, standards and regulations FISMA, NIST 800-39, HIPAA stand out to me. Each of these cover a wide range of needs that need to be followed in order to achieve a successful security framework. While FISMA is a more broad regulation that covers many government related issues, it still provides a good understanding of the division of responsibilities. NIST 800-39 delves into different risk management issues, which will be highlighted as I continue this research. Information security planning or strategy should be aligned with business objectives (Peltier, 2003 p.22) According to NIST 800-39 Risk management is a comprehensive process that requires organizations to: frame risk i.e. establish the context for risk-based decisions, assess risk and responds to risk once determined, and to monitor risk on an ongoing basis. This frame work is a fundamental requirement in which senior leaders and executives need to be committed to. There are many organizational risks, some of these are: i.e. program management risk, investment risks, legal liability risk and security. Information systems is also critical to the success of organizations achieving their objectives and strategic goals (NIST 800-39 p. 2). Some of the pros for Risk Management frame works are a) reducing the risk to an acceptable level if the risk cannot be eliminated, with which the organization it is still able to function safely. b) Risk can be transferred by using insurance policies by insuring that the company’s assets are protected for theft or destruction. Audit and assurance frameworks includes assessing and comparing what is actually happening in an  organization against what is actually supposed to be happening. Auditors can also be called to assess compliance with corporate security policies, standards, procedures and guidelines. Some times as contractual commitments, either as a specific audit or solely in the course of routine audit assignment. Legal and regulatory frameworks, ensure that organizations are abiding by the requirements given by the different regulations like, FISMA, HIPPA and others. Failure to comply with the standards listed on these and other regulations can affect organizations in various ways; ranging from fines to jail time depending of the severity of the violation and the state where the violation is being committed. The some of the pros to this framework are that organizations will be more apt to follow what is required of them all the while protecting not only the customers’ sensitive informations but also the employee’s vital information. Some of the cons to these frameworks â€Å"A secure system is one that does what it’s supposed to† (Eugene Spafford). There is no way to ensure that all systems have the same state of security. Because not all systems do the same things. Therefore each individual organization or user must choose what type of security is important. In some cases security clashes with itself. Controls that might enhance confidentiality doesn’t necessarily support integrity. With all the time it takes to control integrity and confidentiality and how complex they each are, the availability is impacted. It does not come as a surprise that it is impossible to create a universal checklist of the items once implemented, will guarantee security. Security risks aren’t necessarily measurable, since the frequencies and impacts of future incidents are dependent on many different things that tend to be out of our control. If we don’t know what skills whoever is attempting to intrude or hack our systems is working with, it would be difficult to fight it, let alone predict it. Opposite to what some might believe, according to BOA’s Smith, â€Å"senior management is not the biggest hindrance to better security. Rather, th e middle management might represent one of the largest challenges because they impact the organization daily.† Many organizations find it difficult to stay in compliance with different government laws and regulations like Sarbanes-Oxley Act and HIPAA in addition to Payment card industry Data security Standards. It does not help the fact that there is a scarcity in security professionals who have the technical and engineering skills that  know how to explain the risks/rewards and the trade-off and can sell solutions within the organization. When choosing a framework in information security management we have to keep in mind different factors in order to have a successful framework. Some of these factors are, the goals of the organization; we have to establish the information security objectives, these should be strategic, organizational focus and made by executive-level management, since they have a better grasp of the whole business goals and limitations. We also have to be aware of the fact that organizational goals, structure and information security management strategy has to change as different environmental factors like, technology business and legislation frequently evolve. Another important factor is the culture of the organization need to be the same for everyone involve, from the CISO to the administrative assistant. After all the extensive reading, my framework would have a continuous risk management and risk assessment frame work, security controls that align perfectly with the goals of the business and the culture of not only the organization but the entire workforce. I would achieve this by implementing quarterly training on the importance of ISM and how it affects everyone involved. I believe that everyone should be kept informed as to what our IS goals are by showing them how we have failed or succeeded. On the chance that we have failed we can have the employees propose how we can make it better. When we involve everyone affected they will take it more seriously. There are different types of frameworks that make up the information security management framework. Which address the needs for a functional ISM framework and details the obligations of those in an organization while providing the standards, guidelines, legislations and regulations the all have to abide by. And how the lack of a proper framework can affect those in the organization. Reference Ma, Q., Schmidt, M., & Pearson, J. (2009). An integrated framework for information security managemtn. doi: Review of Business Dempsey, K., Chawla, N., Johnston, R., Jones, A., Orebaugh, A., Scholl, M., Stine, K., & Johnson, A. U.S Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology. (2001). Information security continuous monitoring for federal information systems and organizations (800-137). Gaithersburg, MD D. Smith (Jonson, M., & Goetz, E. (2007). Embedding information security into the organization. 17.) Eugene Spafford. (I’m sorry, but I lost the article where I got his quote from)

THE MENNONITE LIFESTYLE essays

THE MENNONITE LIFESTYLE essays The Protestant Reformation of Martin Luther sparked the formation of radical "Anabaptists" branch of Christianity in the sixteenth century, many eventually fled religious pressures and persecution in their countries of resettled in the Americas, while others found relative safety in Russia. many of the Russian Anabaptists sought refuge in the United States by the Many of the later Anabaptist immigrants to America came from and Germany, and they retained most of their cultures of origin, such as dialects and cuisine. Many more communities or sects developed within the Mennonite Anabaptists, totaling more than one million, in the Americas, and in Europe, their land of origin. Mennonites took their name from a converted Dutch priest by the name Menno Simons (1496-1561) who provided Anabaptism with his leadership in Century Holland. The appellation "Anabaptist" refers to their practice of adult believers.(2) Subsequent philosophical differences led to the stricter, more orthodox Mennonites living in Switzerland and Alsace into "Amish", named for Jakob Ammann (1644-1725), in 1693.(3) 1. About Mennonites (2001) Mennonite.net: Accessed at: 2. The Oxford Dictionary of World Religions Bower, J.(1997) Oxford The first groups of Amish migrating from Switzerland settled in in the early 18th Century, and subsequently spread primarily to Ohio and while also establishing a presence in twenty other states by the end of the Century. The United States is home to more than two hundred distinct Mennonites, comprising approximately 150,000 people, the vast majority of still live in Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana and Kansas. The principle philosophical differences between the Mennonites and the Amish sects of Anabaptism concern the relative strictness of practice, the underlying Christian belief. Specifically, the Amish practice strict exclusivity, while the Men...

Lifeboat Ethics Essay Sample

Lifeboat Ethics Essay Sample Lifeboat Ethics Essay When we say lifeboat, this is pertaining to a metaphor that is focused on the significance of providing a humanitarian way of helping other individuals. This is an ethical situation of saving other individuals whenever they need something significant to improve their lifestyle. The ethical issue of lifeboat is focused on providing sustainability for the marginalized sectors of the population. These are the minorities who have scarce or no resources in order to sustain their longevity or productivity in the society. Lifeboat pertains to the growing problems of poverty in our society, which means that government institutions are stepping up to prevent people from migrating to other countries that are undocumented. This is because it could risk their lives by being exposed to criminal and terrorist elements of the society. Lifeboat is referred to a situation wherein there is an inevitable amount of population experiencing the cruelest way of living their life to the fullest terms. The reason behind is that they are unable to secure a life that should have been an important factor of being productive. The ethical norm in this situation is halted because they were not given proper social welfare sustainability by the local government unit. One major issue is a financial status of the country wherein it is brought about by low economic development. The economic integrity of a nation has been essentially hampering minority groups to receive the rightful care in order to survive. This means that minority groups were ethically deprived because there is a lesser amount of subsidies provided by the local government unit as a way to promote their welfare and integrity as a member of the population. There are scenarios wherein lifeboat ethics has been tarnished by several government institutions. One example is the transcontinental migration of Africans to flee from their violent community towards Europe. Similarly with the Latin American migrants that are moving from their violent and corrupt societies from South and Central America towards the United States to pursue a better lifestyle. Affected members of the population have one major goal, which is to seek a better life as well as to have a greener pasture. Some Asian countries in South Asia and Southeast Asia are also seeking asylum after arriving in Australia from their countries to have a better future to a land that is peaceful without any risk of being harmed. The problem with these migrants is the threat of terrorism because there are other members of the terrorist organizations that are posing as migrants to reach their target countries and then will start terrorist campaigns. The ethical dilemma of lifeboat circumstances is the ability of the law enforcement agencies to produce abusive practices towards the migrants that best represents a lifeboat ethics. The reason behind is that some migrants were thought to be members of a criminal organization or terrorist group basing their tattoos or the Islamic names that could pose a risk to the security of the society. Physical abuse, torture, illegal detention, and executions of presumed terrorist or members of criminal organizations were usually being applied by government forces in the United States, European Union, and Australia. As a result, human rights were violated as a result of these abusive practices that have led to public scandal due to an inhuman practice towards undocumented immigrants (Doleac Stein, 2013). Reference Doleac, Jennifer L. Stein, Luke C.D. (2013).  The Visible Hand: Race and Online Market Outcomes.  The Economic Journal.  123  (572): F469–F492.

Internet filtering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Internet filtering - Essay Example This proposal has been viewed as an information policy issue due to the fact that it relates to matters that pertain to restriction of information that is found in the internet. As it basically intends to protect children from viewing pornographic material found in the internet, this aim coupled with the intent to block access of material considered 'illegal' from adults by the government, as well as peer messaging has been identified by opponents of this proposal as a means through which the Australian government is restricting free flow of information. The raging debate has been fired up by the opponents as well as the proponents of this proposal who form the group of major stakeholders playing a part in creation of that filter. These stakeholders include the consumers of the internet network services, the internet providers, activists advocating for the civil rights of humans, politicians within the opposition parties, and the engineers (Price and Verhulst 2005 p76). This proposal has received major resistance from a number of stakeholders. Those who are opposed to it have presented their arguments for their opposition as can be seen below. A great number of internet consumers are opposed to the filter since they are concerned that their accessibility to information needed will be curtailed. Some of the consumers e.g. a radio presenter known as Helen Razer, have expressed their interest in and love for pornography and have expressed their concern that filtering it might limit access to it. Helen acts as a representative for the larger community that enjoys pornography and that which believes its effects are hardly damaging to both adults and children. Consumers are concerned that the information labeled by the government as 'illegal' might infringe on their rights to knowledge since the Australian government has no clear demarcations as to the extent of illegality of internet materials. Engineers e.g. Mark Newton- an engineer dealing with network in Internet Service Provision, have expressed their disapproval, providing technical evidence as to why the system is not viable. They are concerned that speed will be curtailed and that room for default is still present as the internet users can still manage to get access to the filtered information to a lesser degree. The internet providers including iiNet, Telstra as well as Internode have dogged the proposal claiming its lack of viability on the grounds of ethics, technicality and legal considerations. Politicians from the opposition on the other end, for example Dale Clapperton demonstrated their dissatisfaction by stating that there exists some legal and support issues that the Labor party would need to implement before the proposal can be implemented. They claimed the necessity of a new legislation and the support of Australian senate or some kind of major assistance from the internet Industry Association. At the sa me time the Liberals and the Greens have declared their lack of support for the legislation of this proposal. In the real sense, sufficient votes to support the legislation of the filter are lacking and this is a great incapacity on the government's side in its enactment. Activists of the rights of the children who are responsible for the welfare of the children have taken different stands regarding this proposal. Some of them have indicated their lack of